The white paint or white plastic of the housings of weather stations ages, which leads to increased absorption of solar radiation and to increased temperature measurements. This alone would be a small error. However, many different state-of-the-art homogenization algorithms repeatedly…
The impact of certain factors on the changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations has yet to be elucidated. In particular, the impacts of sea surface temperature (SST) on the balance of CO₂ emissions and absorption in the atmosphere and…
For many years, the scientific debate about the threat of rising global temperatures caused by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has depended on estimation, homogenization, the use of anomalies rather than actuals, and complex computer modelling of key variables. This…
Vol 4.1 According to the paradigm of the IPCC global warming is solely due to anthropogenic causes. Record-high temperatures have been measured for the summer months of 2023 and the anthropogenic climate drivers – mainly greenhouse gases – have been…
Volume 3.5 All carbon cycle models referenced by the IPCC have a common feature: Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere originates from anthropogenic emissions. It is also generally known that the CO2 concentration observations show that about 44 – 46 %…
Volume 3.5 Radiation exchange of infrared-active gases with their environment is the basis of the atmospheric greenhouse effect (GHE). While the theoretical principles for the energy and heat exchange by infrared radiation were already refined at the end of the penultimate…
SCC Volume 3.4 The NSIDC website, IPCC’s reports and some scientific papers have announced that the Arctic Sea ice extent, when it is lowest in September month, in recent years has declined dramatically, and in few decades the sea ice…
Volume 3.5 Joseph Fourier discussed the temperature of the earth in two similar memoires (reviews) in 1824 and 1827. An important and long neglected part of this work is his description of the time dependence of the surface energy transfer.…
SCC Volume 3.3. This study develops a very simple climate model, based on the standard lagging formula. The mathematical function is derived in detail. The main purpose is to estimate the e-time of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Many models…
SCC Volume 3.3. In the last decade fundamental theoretical equations were developed for describing and understanding the global average radiative equilibrium state of the Earth-atmosphere system. It is shown that using the well-established laws of radiation physics the key climate…
SCC Volume 3.3 Anthropogenic global warming (AGW) is the prevailing theory of the IPCC for global warming, in which Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the major drivers, whereas albedo, aerosols, and clouds have had cooling effects, and natural drivers have an…
SCC Volume 3.2. The first humans probably arrived at Sola in SW Norway just after the brutally cold Younger Dryas (YD) period, as the first neolithic tools found there are from around 11,500 years BP. This period is also called…
SCC Volume 3.1. Towards the end of the Weichsel ice age came a period with warmer climate referred to as the Late Glacial Interstadial (c.14,670 to 12,900 years BP), when the great inland ice started to retreat. This retreat was…
SCC Volume 3.1. The purpose of this paper is to derive an analytical impulse response function (IRF), for the carbon cycle between atmosphere and sea. The analysis is starting from the Box-Diffusion model (BDM) given by Oeschger et al. The…
SCC Volume 3.1. Climate alarmism and politics are based on the invalid United Nations (UN) assumption that human CO2 is the dominant cause of the CO2 increase above 280 ppm, or since 1750. This assumption conflicts with UN’s own data,…
SCC Volume 3.1. The carbon cycle is of fundamental importance to estimate the influence of anthropogenic emissions on the atmospheric CO2 concentration, and thus, to classify the impact of these emissions on global warming. Different models have been developed, which…