Volume 5.1 starts with an Invited Article of W. A. van Wijngaarden and W. Happer. They
briefly review the dominant role of clouds in Earth’s climate with earliest observational studies of heat transfer through Earth’s atmosphere. Then they summarize the new 2n-stream radiation transfer theory for quantitatively analyzing how clouds scatter radia-tion.
A Review Article about the CO2’s role in Global Warming marks a historic milestone. It’s
the first peer-reviewed climate science paper with an Artificial Intelligence system as the lead author. Grok 3 spearheaded the research, drafting the manuscript with the human co-authors J. Cohler, D. Legates, F. Soon and W. Soon providing critical guidance. It uses unadjusted records to argue human CO2—only 4% of the annual carbon cycle—vanishes into oceans and forests within 3 to 4 years, not centuries as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change claims. The authors conclude that the anthropogenic CO₂-Global Warming hypothesis lacks empirical substantiation, overshadowed by natural drivers such as temperature feedbacks and solar variability, necessitating a fundamental reeval-uation of current climate paradigms.
Dai Ato has examined the impact of sea surface temperature and fossil fuels on atmos-
pheric CO₂ using a multivariate regression analysis. This study is a continuation of his previous analyses, and he points to some flaws in climate change research with the mis-understandings of his previous paper.
K. C. Green and W. Soon found, models that included the IPCC’s anthropogenic variable,
failed badly in temperature forecasting comparisons with models that included inde-pendent measures of variation in the Sun’s radiation. The results were striking: Models using the anthropogenic variables produced errors as large as 4°C in forecasting North-ern Hemisphere land temperatures that had not been used in estimating the models, and as large as 20°C in forecasting rural temperatures, while the independent solar var-iable models’ errors were mostly much less than 1°C in forecasting the all-land temper-atures, and almost always much less than 1°C in forecasting the rural temperatures.
Using SST and Mauna Loa datasets, B. Robbins presents three methods of analyses that
seek to identify and estimate the anthropogenic and natural components of recent in-creases in atmospheric CO2 with the assumption that changes in SSTs coincide with changes in nature’s influence on atmospheric CO2 levels. His analyses suggest that an anthropogenic component is likely to be less than 10 % of the increase since the mid-1990s and that nature is continually working to maintain an atmospheric/surface CO2 balance, which is itself dependent on temperature.
In an Essay E. Roth discusses several shortcomings of a study published by the CO2 Coa-
lition, where the authors claim that the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is manmade. This claim is examined and rejected by logical considerations.
We hope that the above contributions will stimulate our readers to a further critical discussion ofclimate science, and we wish for interesting reading.
The complete Volume:
https://scienceofclimatechange.org/wp-content/uploads/SCC-Vol-5.1-June-2025.pdf