Articles
Moritz Büsing: Systematic Error in Global Temperatures due to Weather Station Ageing
The white paint or white plastic of the housings of weather stations ages, which leads to increased absorption of solar radiation and to increased temperature measurements. This alone would be a small error. However, many different state-of-the-art homogenization algorithms repeatedly add this small value each time a weather station is renovated, renewed, or replaced, which…
Dai Ato: The Sea Surface Temperature Rules
The impact of certain factors on the changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations has yet to be elucidated. In particular, the impacts of sea surface temperature (SST) on the balance of CO₂ emissions and absorption in the atmosphere and the human use of fossil fuels have not been rigorously compared. In this study, the…
Ian L K McNaugton: Temperature versus CO2 & Population Growth
For many years, the scientific debate about the threat of rising global temperatures caused by rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has depended on estimation, homogenization, the use of anomalies rather than actuals, and complex computer modelling of key variables. This estimation process with its complexity leaves their broad conclusions open to challenge. This paper attempts…
Antero Ollila: The 2023 Record Temperatures
Vol 4.1 According to the paradigm of the IPCC global warming is solely due to anthropogenic causes. Record-high temperatures have been measured for the summer months of 2023 and the anthropogenic climate drivers – mainly greenhouse gases – have been named as culprits. Simple analyses reveal that the temperature increase of the year 2023 cannot…
Antero Ollila: Carbon Cycle Models and Budget
Volume 3.5 All carbon cycle models referenced by the IPCC have a common feature: Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere originates from anthropogenic emissions. It is also generally known that the CO2 concentration observations show that about 44 – 46 % of yearly CO2 emissions seem to have accumulated in the atmosphere; the ocean and biosphere take…
Michael Schnell and Hermann Harde: Model-Experiment of the Greenhouse Effect
Volume 3.5 Radiation exchange of infrared-active gases with their environment is the basis of the atmospheric greenhouse effect (GHE). While the theoretical principles for the energy and heat exchange by infrared radiation were already refined at the end of the penultimate and beginning of the last century, experimental verifications in the laboratory showed quite contradictory results,…
Allan Astrup Jensen: Time Trend of Arctic Sea Ice Extent
SCC Volume 3.4 The NSIDC website, IPCC’s reports and some scientific papers have announced that the Arctic Sea ice extent, when it is lowest in September month, in recent years has declined dramatically, and in few decades the sea ice is supposed to disappear completely in the summer. In that way new and shorter ships…
Roy Clark: Time Dependent Energy Transfer
Volume 3.5 Joseph Fourier discussed the temperature of the earth in two similar memoires (reviews) in 1824 and 1827. An important and long neglected part of this work is his description of the time dependence of the surface energy transfer. In particular, he was able to explain the seasonal time delays or phase shifts between…
Raimund Müller: Estimation of e -Time for CO2 and Revelle Factor
SCC Volume 3.3. This study develops a very simple climate model, based on the standard lagging formula. The mathematical function is derived in detail. The main purpose is to estimate the e-time of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Many models evaluate the inflow to the atmospheric CO2 reservoir by rate equations describing the flow from…
Ferenc Miskolczi: Greenhouse Gas Theories and Observed Infrared Properties of the Earth’s Atmosphere
SCC Volume 3.3. In the last decade fundamental theoretical equations were developed for describing and understanding the global average radiative equilibrium state of the Earth-atmosphere system. It is shown that using the well-established laws of radiation physics the key climate parameters of the planet can be deduced theoretically, from purely astrophysical considerations and some plausible…