Zharkova: Modern Grand Solar Minimum (2020-2053)
The two Principal Components (eigen vectors) derived with Principal Component Analysis from the solar background magnetic field defining two largest magnetic waves of the poloidal field of the Sun are shown to be generated in two layers by the solar dynamo with the dipole magnetic sources. The two magnetic waves revealed a noticeable phase shift…
Báder: Surface Energy Balance of the Danube Region
The surface of the Earth is heated by solar radiation (shortwave radiation) passing through the atmosphere. The air near the earth’s surface is heated from below using this energy converting the shortwave radiation to other forms. According to the law of conservation of energy, the incoming and outgoing energies are equal. Continents are warming faster…
Szarka: Conference “Beyond the Climate Change Consensus”
This is an introductory article to the papers based on presentations at the conference “Beyond the Climate Change Consensus” (BCCC, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, December 8, 2025) and its pre-event. It was a unique symbol: unprecedented for a country’s national academy to provide an official scientific forum on climate without censorship. In this paper the…
